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ROE 专题:AI 赋能课堂,破解教学“黑箱”

发布时间:2026-07-02 19:41阅读:2

前言

长久以来,课堂内的教学互动常被视作难以窥探的“黑箱”。传统课堂观察过分倚重教师的个人经验,既耗费精力又难以大规模推广。然而,随着人工智能技术的突飞猛进,技术驱动的智能分析正深刻改变我们对教与学的理解。当前,如何借助 AI 技术真正开启课堂黑箱,已成为全球教育界共同面对的挑战。

本期 ROE 特辑“Classroom Analysis in the Age of AI”(AI 时代的课堂分析)正是针对这一议题的系统性回应。

华东师范大学课程与教学系的研究团队,从提出前沿问题到开展全国范围的大规模数据实证研究,再到推动一线教研的常态化落地,逐步为 AI 时代的课堂分析探索路径。

这既是对前沿方法论的深入探索,也是向国际社会展示真实、立体且充满智慧活力的中国课堂图景。

依托理论综述、海量数据分析及案例报告,本期特辑深度剖析了三大核心议题,主要亮点如下:

01

探索课堂分析的学术前沿

石雨晨副教授聚焦课堂研究的基本立场与分析维度,围绕“澄清课堂分析的价值立场”“揭示课堂的真实面貌”“将数据转化为有效证据”三大领域,系统梳理并提出了课堂分析的十大前沿问题,涵盖从为何分析、如何分析到分析结果如何服务于教学改进的全链条,为 AI 时代课堂分析的未来研究指明方向。

02

洞察全国千节课堂的真实生态

高一禾与杨晓哲教授基于 CEED 课堂智能分析系统,对全国 1008 节中小学常态课进行了大规模数据分析,揭示出教师讲授平均占据课堂总时间的 51.9%、师生互动占 30.5%、个人任务占 12.3%、小组活动占 5.3%。实证数据揭开了中国课堂真实的时间分配法则,同时也验证了 AI 系统在大规模课堂编码中的高效性。

03

聚焦上海一线的常态化教研

刘晨露、郑鑫副教授与丁蓓校长详细呈现了教师个体与教研组集体如何应用课堂智能分析报告进行教学改进的真实样态。从个体层面的 AI 赋能“同师优构”与“同师进阶”,到团队层面的 AI 驱动“同课异构”与“同组进阶”,全面展示了课堂智能分析系统赋能教师反思、协作与团队成长的真实路径。

面对全球教育数字化转型的共性问题,本期特辑交出了一份中国答卷。无论是前瞻性的课堂分析理论思考,还是基于课堂智能分析系统的大规模数据分析,抑或是扎根一线教研的实践探索,这些研究共同形成了 AI 时代课堂分析中打破黑箱与赋能教学的合力。本期特辑系统回应了全球教育界的共同关切,能够为全球 AI 时代的课堂分析应用提供独特的中国经验。

文章浏览

Are China's Classes Predominantly Centered Around Teacher-Presentation Instruction?—A Large-Scale Data Analysis Based on Classroom Intelligent Analysis Systems

中国的课堂是否以教师讲授为中心?——基于课堂智能分析系统的大规模数据分析

Yihe Gao(高一禾)

Xiaozhe Yang(杨晓哲)

East China Normal University

To cite this article

Gao, Y., & Yang, X. (2025). Are China’s Classes Predominantly Centered Around Teacher-Presentation Instruction—A Large-Scale Data Analysis Based on Classroom Intelligent Analysis Systems.ECNU Review of Education, 8(2), 349-355. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311251322181

Takeaway message

●Traditional classroom observation heavily relied on manual annotation, which consumed a significant amount of time and human resources, making it challenging to systematically code and analyze large-scale classroom videos. The team developed the High-Quality Classroom Intelligent Analysis Standard (CEED) system, which utilized AI for classroom intelligent analysis.

●This paper used the CEED system to make a statistical analysis of 1,008 recorded videos of primary and secondary schools in China.

●The findings revealed that teacher presentation occupied 51.9% of the total time, teacher–student interaction accounted for 30.5%, personal task time made up 12.3%, and group activity constituted 5.3%. “Teacher presentation” still occupied the majority of classroom time.

●This study demonstrated that using AI for big data annotation can effectively reduce the time and human resources required for traditional classroom analysis, enabling systematic statistical analysis of large-scale classroom data.

● 传统的课堂观察高度依赖人工标注,耗费大量时间与人力,难以对大规模课堂视频进行系统的编码与分析。为此,研究团队开发了“高品质课堂智能分析标准”(CEED)系统,利用人工智能开展课堂智能分析。

● 本研究运用 CEED 系统,对中国 1008 节中小学常态课录像进行了统计分析。

● 研究结果显示,教师讲授占总时长的 51.9%,师生互动占 30.5%,个人任务时间占 12.3%,小组活动占 5.3%。教师讲授依然占据了课堂的主要时间。

● 这项研究表明,利用人工智能进行大数据标注,能有效减少传统课堂分析所需的时间和人力资源,从而实现对大规模课堂数据的系统性统计分析。

Keywords

A large-scale data analysis; Chinese class; classroom intelligent analysis systems

Ten Key Questions at the Frontiers of Classroom Analysis

课堂分析的十大前沿问题

Yuchen Shi(石雨晨)

East China Normal University

To cite this article

Shi, Y. (2025). Ten key questions at the frontiers of classroom analysis.ECNU Review of Education,8(2), 425–433. https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311251327235

Takeaway message

●These ten questions revolve around three areas—namely, “clarifying values of classroom analysis,” “revealing truth about classrooms,” and “transforming data into evidence.”

●These questions can be harnessed to propel in-depth analysis of classrooms in China and abroad.

●This study frames ten questions at the frontiers of research in order to advance the direction of future research in classroom analysis.

● 课堂分析的十大前沿问题围绕三大领域展开,即“澄清课堂分析的价值立场”、“揭示课堂的真实面貌”以及“将数据转化为有效证据”。

● 这些问题可被用于推动中国乃至全球范围内对课堂的深度分析。

● 本研究提出了课堂分析领域的十大前沿问题,旨在推动未来课堂分析的研究方向。

Keywords

Automatic coding; classroom analysis; code of ethics; manual coding

Enhancing Teaching Through the AI-Empowered Classroom Analysis System: A Shanghai Case Report

基于课堂智能分析系统的教学改进:来自上海的案例报告

Chenlu Liu(刘晨露)

East China Normal University

Xin Zheng(郑鑫)

East China Normal University

Bei Ding(丁蓓)

Shanghai Jiangwan Middle School

To cite this article

Liu, C., Zheng, X., & Ding, B. (2026). Enhancing Teaching Through the AI-Empowered Classroom Analysis System: A Shanghai Case Report.ECNU Review of Education,9(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/20965311261453547

Takeaway message

●Artificial intelligence-powered classroom analysis systems overcome the limitation of experience- and video-based approaches by delivering timely, precise, visualized, theory-informed data.

●Two levels and four types of AIC use for classroom analysis and improvement within schools were identified: at the individual level, same teacher, optimized designs and same teacher, longitudinal improvement, supporting reflection and continuous improvement; at the group level, same lesson, different designs, and the collective advancement of a TRG, supporting lesson refinement and whole-group instructional improvement within TRGs.

●Artificial intelligence classroom should serve as a resource or partner, not a set of prescriptive indicators; potential challenges, such as overreliance on AI-generated metrics, may encourage “teaching to indicators” and weaken teachers’ professional judgment.

●Both teachers and TRGs face boundary conditions when using AI for classroom evaluation and improvement.

●While AI can reshape the modes, processes, and efficiency of classroom analysis and instructional improvement, teachers’ professional reflection, informed judgment, and collective wisdom remain irreplaceable.

● AI 赋能的课堂分析系统能提供及时、精确、可视化且基于理论的数据,克服了依赖经验记录和人工视频分析的局限性。

● 研究识别出学校利用 AI 进行课堂分析与改进的两个层面、四种模式。在个体层面,包括 AI 赋能“同师优构”与“同师进阶”,以支持教师反思与持续改进;在集体层面,包括 AI 驱动“同课异构”与“同组进阶”,以支持教研组内的磨课与整体教学提升。

● 课堂智能分析应定位为辅助资源或合作伙伴,而非指令性的指标。如果过度依赖量化数据,可能诱发“为指标而教”的风险,侵蚀教师的专业自主判断。

● 无论是教师个体还是教研组,在使用 AI 进行课堂评价与改进时都面临着各自的适用边界。

● 尽管 AI 能够重塑课堂分析与教学改进的模式、流程与效率,但教师的专业反思、专业判断和集体智慧始终无可替代。

Keywords

Artificial intelligence, classroom analysis, instructional improvement, lesson study

结语

人工智能时代课堂分析的转向,不仅打开了课堂的“黑箱”,更意味着评价标准的科学重构与教学隐性经验的显性化。课堂智能分析系统能够精准量化互动结构,捕捉师生发言时长、提问层次、课堂时间分配等核心指标,为教师的教学反思提供客观且科学的支撑。

本期特辑聚焦中国课堂智能分析的理论思考与实践探索,向世界呈现真实的中国课堂教学与循证教研样态。我们诚邀您一同在算法与教育智慧的交汇处,重新思考中国课堂可以如何被精准看见、被科学解读并最终被有效赋能。

文案 | 刘晨露

海报 | 李雅君

排版 | 韩欣阳

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